Hyperspectral image betweenness centrality clustering based adaptive spatial and spectral neighborhood approach for anomaly detection     

Karim Saheb Ettabaa  Manel Ben Salem  Med Salim Bouhlel 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(18):412

Segmentation-based anomaly detectors proceeds to the clustering of the hyperspectral image as a first step. However, most of the well-known clustering methods cluster anomalous pixels as a part of the background. This paper presents a new hyperspectral image clustering approach based on the betweenness centrality measure. The proposed approach starts by the construction of an adaptive spatial and spectral neighborhood for each pixel. This neighborhood is based on the selection of the nearest spectral and spatial neighbors in multiple windows around each pixel to allow well-suited representation of the image features. In the next step, this neighborhood is clustered based on the edge betweenness measure algorithm that splits the image into regions sharing similar features. This approach (1) allows the reduction of intercluster relationship, (2) favors intracluster relations, and (3) preserves small clusters that can hold anomalous pixels. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is efficient for clustering and overcomes the state of the art approaches.  相似文献   

Experimental investigation of Ostwald-ripening rates of forsterite in the haplobasaltic system     

Youngdo Park  Ben Hanson 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1999,90(1-2)

The rate of Ostwald ripening of forsterite is experimentally measured in a haplobasaltic melt (SiO₂–Al₂O₃–CaO–MgO). The goal of the experiments is to determine if the rate of Ostwald ripening is sufficient to affect textural development in crystallizing magmas of a basaltic composition. With preequilibrated charges, experiments were run isothermally so that all textural changes could be ascribed to Ostwald ripening. An increase of crystal size from 3.5 μm to 14 μm (in average) has been observed during 10 days. Glass compositions were identical in all charges, indicating that the observed increase in average crystal size is not the results of chemical disequilibrium but the results of Ostwald ripening. Due to the constraints on experimental duration, the rate-limiting process (i.e., diffusion control or reaction control) could not be determined. Our experimental results, however, demonstrate that the rate of Ostwald ripening in basaltic rocks is sufficient to be of fundamental importance in the development of textures in igneous rocks. These results strongly suggest that Ostwald ripening, as well as nucleation and crystal growth, should be considered in analyses of textures in igneous rocks.  相似文献   

Artificial Intelligence Identification of Multiple Microfossils from the Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation in Southern Shaanxi,China     

ZHANG Tao  WANG Bin  LI Dedong  NIU Ben  SUN Jie  SUN Yifei  YANG Xiaoguang  LUO Juan  HAN Jian 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(1):189-197

The Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation in southern Shaanxi, China is a critical window for the understanding of the Cambrian explosion, because of abundant and various exceptionally preserved metazoans and embryo fossils yielded. The efficiency of traditional sample manually selecting with microscopes is quite low and hinder the discoveries of new species, thus recognition and classification of microfossils by artificial intelligence (AI) is substantially in the request. In this paper, we develop a procedure for fossil area segmentation in common multi-typed mixed photos by improved watershed algorithm. And for better fossil recognition, previous histogram of oriented grandient (HOG) algorithm is replaced by scale invariant feature transform (SIFT), which is feasible for the segmented images and increase the accuracy significantly. Thus, the scope of application of AI fossil recognition can be extended form single fossil image to multi-typed mixed images and the reliability is also secured, as the result of our test presents a high (at least 84%) accuracy of fossil recognition.  相似文献   

Authigenic carbonate burial in the Late Devonian–Early Mississippian Bakken Formation (Williston Basin,USA)     

Ben Davis Barnes  Jon M. Husson  Shanan E. Peters 《Sedimentology》2020,67(4):2065-2094

Late Devonian (Famennian) marine successions globally are typified by organic-rich black shales deposited in anoxic and euxinic waters and the cessation of shelf carbonate sedimentation. This global ‘carbonate crisis’, known as the Hangenberg Event, coincides with a major extinction of reef-building metazoans and perturbations to the global carbon cycle, evidenced by positive carbon-isotope excursions of up to 4‰. It has been suggested that authigenic carbonate, formed as cements in sedimentary pore spaces during early burial diagenesis, is a significant mass fraction of the total global carbon burial flux, particularly during periods of low oxygen concentration. Because some authigenic carbonate could have originated from remineralization of organic carbon in sediments, it is possible for this reservoir to be isotopically depleted and thereby drive changes in the carbon isotopic composition of seawater. This study presents bulk isotopic and elemental analyses from fine-grained siliciclastics of the Late Devonian–Early Mississippian Bakken Formation (Williston Basin, USA) to assess the volume and isotopic composition of carbonates in these sediments. Carbonate in the Bakken black shales occurs primarily as microscopic disseminated dolomite rhombs and calcite cements that, together, comprise a significant mass-fraction (ca 9%). The elemental composition of the shales is indicative of a dynamic anoxic to sulphidic palaeoenvironment, likely supported by a fluctuating chemocline. Despite forming in an environment favourable to remineralization of organic matter and the precipitation of isotopically depleted authigenic carbonates, the majority of carbon isotope measurements of disseminated carbonate fall between −3‰ and +3‰, with systematically more depleted carbonates in the deeper-water portions of the basin. Thus, although there is evidence for a significant total mass-fraction of carbonate with contribution from remineralized organic matter, Bakken authigenic carbonates suggest that Famennian black shales are unlikely to be sufficiently ¹³C-depleted relative to water column dissolved inorganic carbon to serve as a major lever on seawater isotopic composition.  相似文献   

Mixing efficiency from microstructure measurements in the Sicily Channel     

Vladoiu  Anda  Bouruet-Aubertot  Pascale  Cuypers  Yannis  Ferron  Bruno  Schroeder  Katrin  Borghini  Mireno  Leizour  Stephane  Ismail  Sana Ben 《Ocean Dynamics》2019,69(7):787-807

Ocean Dynamics - The dissipation flux coefficient, a measure of the mixing efficiency of a turbulent flow, was computed from microstructure measurements collected with a vertical microstructure...  相似文献   

Comparison of stress-dependent geophysical,hydraulic and mechanical properties of synthetic and natural sandstones for reservoir characterization and monitoring studies     

Ismael Himar Falcon-Suarez  Kelvin Amalokwu  Jordi Delgado-Martin  Ben Callow  Katleen Robert  Laurence North  Sourav K. Sahoo  Angus I. Best 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(4):784-803

Synthetic rock samples can offer advantages over natural rock samples when used for laboratory rock physical properties studies, provided their success as natural analogues is well understood. The ability of synthetic rocks to mimic the natural stress dependency of elastic wave, electrical and fluid transport properties is of primary interest. Hence, we compare a consistent set of laboratory multi-physics measurements obtained on four quartz sandstone samples (porosity range 20–25%) comprising two synthetic and two natural (Berea and Corvio) samples, the latter used extensively as standards in rock physics research. We measured simultaneously ultrasonic (P- and S-wave) velocity and attenuation, electrical resistivity, permeability and axial and radial strains over a wide range of differential pressure (confining stress 15–50 MPa; pore pressure 5–10 MPa) on the four brine saturated samples. Despite some obvious physical discrepancies caused by the synthetic manufacturing process, such as silica cementation and anisotropy, the results show only small differences in stress dependency between the synthetic and natural sandstones for all measured parameters. Stress dependency analysis of the dry samples using an isotropic effective medium model of spheroidal pores and penny-shaped cracks, together with a granular cohesion model, provide evidence of crack closure mechanisms in the natural sandstones, seen to a much lesser extent in the synthetic sandstones. The smaller grain size, greater cement content, and cementation under oedometric conditions particularly affect the fluid transport properties of the synthetic sandstones, resulting in lower permeability and higher electrical resistivity for a similar porosity. The effective stress coefficients, determined for each parameter, are in agreement with data reported in the literature. Our results for the particular synthetic materials that were tested suggest that synthetic sandstones can serve as good proxies for natural sandstones for studies of elastic and mechanical properties, but should be used with care for transport properties studies.  相似文献   

洪泽湖水沙变化趋势和冲淤时空分布及驱动因素     

贲鹏  虞邦义  张辉  胡勇 《湖泊科学》2021,33(1):289-298

为了研究洪泽湖水沙特性、变化趋势与冲淤时空分布规律,运用累积距平法、Mann-Kendall趋势与突变检验以及R/S分析法等方法,分析了洪泽湖19502016年的水沙特征;采用地理信息技术,基于1992年和2016年实测地形,对湖区泥沙冲淤空间分布进行了定量计算与分析.结果表明,入湖径流量无明显增加或减少的趋势,输沙量和含沙量呈明显减小趋势,1990年以后含沙量基本稳定在0.2 kg/m^3以下;淮河干流(包括池河)入湖水量和沙量约占入湖总量的89.6%,三河闸出湖水沙占总出湖量的60%.淮干入湖口和溧河洼为主要淤积区域,淤积量分别为2300×10^4和1900×10^4 m^3,平均淤积厚度分别为0.35和0.25 m;其他区域自然冲淤基本平衡.上游水库和河道闸坝的拦沙作用、农业种植结构变化和水土保持、大规模人工采砂等是入湖沙量减少的主要影响因素;湖区水动力特性是泥沙自然淤积主导因素,而湖区库容变化的主因则是人工采砂、围湖造田和围网养殖,且人类活动的影响远大于自然冲淤.  相似文献   

The impact of hydrograph variability and frequency on sediment transport dynamics in a gravel-bed flume     

Ben D. Plumb  Carmelo Juez  William K. Annable  Chris W. McKie  Mario J. Franca 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(4):816-830

A laboratory study was undertaken to investigate how changes in flow regime and hydrograph shape (number of cycled hydrographs and duration of each hydrograph) together impact bedload transport and resulting bed morphology. Three hydrologic conditions (experiments) representing different levels of urbanization, or analogously different flow regimes, were derived from measured hydrometric field data. Each experiment consisted of a series of hydrographs with equal peak discharge and varying frequency, duration and flashiness. Bedload transport was measured throughout each hydrograph and measurements of bed topography and surface texture were recorded after each hydrograph. The results revealed hysteresis loops in both the total and fractional transport, with more pronounced loops for longer duration hydrographs, corresponding to lower rate of unsteadiness until reaching the peak discharge (pre-urbanization conditions). Shorter duration hydrographs (urban conditions) displayed more time above critical shear stress thresholds leading to higher bedload transport rates and ultimately to more variable hysteresis patterns. Surface textures from photographic methods revealed surface armoring in all experiments, with larger armor ratios for longer duration hydrographs, speculated to be due to vertical sorting and more time for bed rearrangements to occur. The direction of bed surface adjustment was linked to bedload hysteresis, more precisely with clockwise hysteresis (longer hydrographs) typically resulting in bed coarsening. More frequent and shorter duration hydrographs result in greater relative channel adjustments in slope, topographic variability and surface texture. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

RAPD对圆斑星鲽和条斑星鲽养殖群体的遗传多样性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

杨奔  尤锋  李军  徐冬冬  吴志昊  于道德  倪静  徐世宏  徐永立  张培军 《海洋科学》2009,33(8):26-29

应用RAPD分子标记技术对圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)和条斑星鲽(Verasper moseri)的养殖群体进行群体遗传多样性分析.每个群体各取鱼30尾,并从78条随机引物中筛选出20条用于群体遗传学研究.两个群体共扩增出218条DNA片段,大多数片段大小为250～1500 bp,其中圆斑星鲽185条,条斑星鲽183条.多态片段比例分别为56.76%和64.48%,Nei的多样性指数和Shannon的信息指数分别为0.232 2和0.278 1、0.339 1和0.398 9.这两种星鲽养殖群体间的遗传相似性系数和遗传距离分别为0.672 0和0.397 5.  相似文献   

南海表层沉积物中铂族元素的地球化学分布特征及其影响因素          下载免费PDF全文

朱赖民  尚婷  高志友  李犇  许江 《海洋学报》2010,32(1):56-66

报道了南海表层沉积物中铂族元素的丰度及其分布特征。52个表层沉积物中铂族元素(PGE)含量变化范围:钌为0.40×10-9~3.20×10-9,平均值为1.20×10-9;钯为0.01×10-9~13.30×10-9,平均值为4.31×10-9;铱为0.59×10-9~4.49×10-9,平均值为1.21×10-9;铂为1.27×10-9~16.21×10-9,平均值为5.26×10-9;铑为0.05×10-9~0.2×10-9,平均值为0.12×10-9;金为0.43×10-9~27.38×10-9,平均值为6.92×10-9。尽管PGE含量与沉积物平均粒径的关系不是很明显,但是整体上随平均粒径的增大,PGE含量出现逐渐减少的趋势,表现出一定的粒度控制规律。南海全海域表层沉积物铂、钯、钌、铑、铱和金的估算背景值分别为1.168×10-9±0.190×10-9,3.228×10-9±0.403×10-9,1.085×10-9±0.189×10-9,4.432×10-9±0.258×10-9,0.123×10-9±0.023×10-9和4.720×10-9±0.413×10-9,远高于我国大陆东部地壳的,而与深海沉积物的基本处于同一水平,表现出了海洋沉积物富集PGE的固有特征。尽管PGE在大陆架区有所富集,但明显富集区主要分布在吕宋岛以西至中央海盆区域,指示海底火山喷发作用释放的PGE对南海中西部深海盆区沉积物中的PGE可能有重要贡献。  相似文献